An emulator is a software-based tool that replicates the functionalities and behaviors of a specific mobile device or operating system on a different platform. It enables developers to test mobile applications without needing the actual hardware, providing a virtual environment to mimic real-world usage scenarios. 

Developers usually employ emulators before launching mobile apps to ensure that users quickly get the most reliable and high-performing digital products. However, post-launch bug detection has also prompted the use of emulators even after the initial app development cycle.

The benefits of using emulators

• Cost-effective testing. Emulators offer a budget-friendly alternative to physical devices, allowing developers to test their applications across various devices and operating systems without investing in an extensive hardware collection.
• Efficiency and speed. Emulators accelerate the development process by providing quick and efficient testing cycles. Developers can swiftly identify and fix bugs, streamline debugging, and iterate their applications rapidly.
• Platform diversity. With emulators, developers can address the challenge of developing for multiple platforms. They can ensure apps are compatible with a broad range of devices by simulating various devices and operating systems.
• Accessibility. Emulators are accessible to developers worldwide, democratizing the app development landscape. This accessibility facilitates collaboration among geographically dispersed teams and fosters a more inclusive development community.

Limitations inherent in emulators

• Performance discrepancies. Emulators may not perfectly replicate the performance characteristics of physical devices. This can lead to a gap between emulator testing and real-world user experiences. In other words, when emulators identify apps as high-performing when they are actually slow or prone to crashing, user acquisition and app retention rates may be adversely affected, leading to ultimate failure for the apps in question.
• Debugging blind spots. Debugging on an emulator may not capture all the intricacies of real-world scenarios, making it challenging to identify device-specific issues. Developers may miss crucial insights that only physical device testing can reveal. For instance, some mobile devices have security vulnerabilities that emulators may fail to simulate or mimic, potentially exposing the app to damaging malware that could also affect app users.

Ultimately, coming up with a cost-effective mix of emulators and physical devices would lead to a more comprehensive and reliable app testing process.